Reduction of Emission Cost, Loss Cost and Energy Purchase Cost for Distribution Systems With Capacitors, Photovoltaic Distributed Generators, and Harmonics

In this paper, a bonobo optimizer (BO) and two other methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO) salp algorithm (SSA), are implemented to determine the location sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators (PDGs) capacitors in IEEE 69-bus radial distribution system with many nonlinear loads. The objective study is minimize costs for purchasing energy from main grid load demand power loss on transmission lines as well cost emission fines fossil fuel generation units under considering strict constraints penetration, voltage, current harmonic distortions. results have shown that BO best most stable method solving considered problem. With use optimal solution BO, total significantly reduced up 80.52%. As compared base without PDGs, obtained can reduce 94.48% increase voltage profile range [0.9092 1.00] pu higher [0.9907 1.0084] pu. addition, distortion (THD) individual (IHD) also much improved satisfied Std. 519. Thus, suitable application installing PDGs systems.